Antibiotic Class

Amoxicillin

Brand: Amoxil (US/EU) / Mox (IN) / Moxacillin (BD)

Subclass: Aminopenicillin

PK: t½ 1 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 3000 day

moderate
AE: Rash, diarrhea, hypersensitivity

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate

Brand: Augmentin (US/EU/IN) / Amoxyclav (IN) / Clavam (BD)

Subclass: Aminopenicillin + β-lactamase inhibitor

PK: t½ 1 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 3000 day

moderate
AE: Diarrhea, rash, elevated LFTs (more likely than amoxicillin alone), cholestatic jaundice

Azithromycin

Brand: Zithromax (US/EU) / Azee (IN) / Azithromycin (BD)

Subclass: Macrolide

PK: t½ 68 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 1500 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, QT prolongation, elevated liver enzymes

Bedaquiline

Brand: Sirturo (global)

Subclass: Anti-TB (ATP synthase inhibitor)

PK: t½ 164 days | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 400 day

life-threatening
AE: QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity, nausea, arthralgia

Cefalexin

Brand: Keflex (US/EU) / Cefakind (IN) / Cefalexin (BD)

Subclass: Cephalosporin 1st generation

PK: t½ 1 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 4000 day

mild
AE: GI upset, rash, diarrhea

Cefepime

Brand: Maxipime (US/EU) / Cefepime (IN/BD)

Subclass: Cephalosporin 4th generation

PK: t½ 2 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 6000 day

severe
AE: Neurotoxicity (encephalopathy, seizures) especially in renal impairment; diarrhea

Cefixime

Brand: Suprax (US/EU) / Taxim-O (IN) / Cef-3 (BD)

Subclass: Cephalosporin 3rd generation (oral)

PK: t½ 3.5 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 400 day

moderate
AE: Diarrhea, dyspepsia, mild hepatic enzyme rise

Ceftaroline

Brand: Teflaro (US/EU)

Subclass: Cephalosporin 5th generation (MRSA active)

PK: t½ 2.6 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 1200 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, neutropenia, rash

Ceftriaxone

Brand: Rocephin (US/EU) / Ceftrion (IN/BD)

Subclass: Cephalosporin 3rd generation (parenteral)

PK: t½ 8 hours | Clearance: mixed
Max Dose: 4000 day

severe
AE: Biliary sludging, diarrhea, injection-site pain

Cefuroxime

Brand: Zinacef (IV) / Ceftin (US/EU oral) / Cefurox (IN/BD)

Subclass: Cephalosporin 2nd generation

PK: t½ 1.5 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 1500 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, diarrhea, rash

Ciprofloxacin

Brand: Cipro (US/EU) / Cifran (IN) / Ciprogen (BD)

Subclass: Fluoroquinolone

PK: t½ 4 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 1500 day

severe
AE: Tendonitis, tendon rupture, CNS effects, QT prolongation, dysglycemia

Clarithromycin

Brand: Biaxin (US/EU) / Claribid (IN) / Claric (BD)

Subclass: Macrolide

PK: t½ 5 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 1000 day

severe
AE: GI upset, taste disturbance, QT prolongation

Clofazimine

Brand: Lamprene (global) / Clofaz (IN/BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (riminophenazine)

PK: t½ 70 days | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 100 day

moderate
AE: Skin discoloration red→brown→black, GI pain, photosensitivity

Cloxacillin

Brand: Orbenin (EU) / Cloxacil (IN/BD)

Subclass: Anti-staphylococcal penicillin

PK: t½ 0.8 hours | Clearance: mixed
Max Dose: 4000 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, rash, cholestatic hepatitis (rare but well-known)

Cotrimoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Brand: Bactrim (US/EU) / Septran (IN) / Cotrim (BD)

Subclass: Folate pathway inhibitor combo (TMP+SMX)

PK: t½ 10 hours | Clearance: mixed
Max Dose: 640 day

severe
AE: Rash (SJS/TEN rare), hyperkalemia, bone marrow suppression, photosensitivity

Cycloserine

Brand: Seromycin (global) / Cyslin (IN)

Subclass: Anti-TB (D-alanine analog)

PK: t½ 10 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 750 day

life-threatening
AE: Depression, psychosis, suicidal ideation, seizures

Delamanid

Brand: Deltyba (global)

Subclass: Anti-TB (nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole)

PK: t½ 38 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 200 day

severe
AE: QT prolongation, GI upset, hypokalemia

Doxycycline

Brand: Vibramycin (US/EU) / Doxy-1 (IN) / Doxicap (BD)

Subclass: Tetracycline

PK: t½ 18 hours | Clearance: mixed
Max Dose: 200 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, photosensitivity, esophagitis if taken lying down

Erythromycin

Brand: Erycin (US/EU) / Erythrocin (IN/BD)

Subclass: Macrolide

PK: t½ 1.5 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 2000 day

severe
AE: Severe GI upset, QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity

Ethambutol

Brand: Myambutol (US/EU) / Combutol (IN) / Ethambut (BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (cell wall arabinosyl transferase inhibitor)

PK: t½ 4 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 1200 day

severe
AE: Optic neuritis (↓visual acuity, red-green dyschromatopsia), rash

Ethionamide

Brand: Trecator (global) / Ethide (IN/BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (isonicotinic acid thioamide)

PK: t½ 2 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 750 day

moderate
AE: Nausea, metallic taste, hepatotoxicity, hypothyroidism

Isoniazid

Brand: INH (global) / Isonex (IN/BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (Hydrazide)

PK: t½ 3 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 300 day

severe
AE: Peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity

Levofloxacin

Brand: Levaquin (US/EU) / Levoday (IN) / Levox (BD)

Subclass: Fluoroquinolone (respiratory)

PK: t½ 7 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 750 day

severe
AE: Tendonitis, QT prolongation, dysglycemia, CNS effects

Linezolid

Brand: Zyvox (global) / Linox (IN/BD)

Subclass: Oxazolidinone (MDR-TB + MRSA/VRE)

PK: t½ 5 hours | Clearance: mixed
Max Dose: 600 day

severe
AE: Bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuropathy, serotonin syndrome

Metronidazole

Brand: Flagyl (US/EU) / Metrogyl (IN) / Metrix (BD)

Subclass: Nitroimidazole (anaerobes, protozoa)

PK: t½ 8 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 1500 day

moderate
AE: Metallic taste, GI upset, neuropathy (prolonged), disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

Moxifloxacin

Brand: Avelox (US/EU) / Moxicip (IN) / Moxet (BD)

Subclass: Fluoroquinolone (respiratory)

PK: t½ 12 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 400 day

severe
AE: QT prolongation, tendonitis, CNS effects, dysglycemia

Nitrofurantoin

Brand: Macrobid/Macrodantin (US/EU) / Nitrofur (IN/BD)

Subclass: Nitrofuran (urinary antiseptic)

PK: t½ 0.5 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 400 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, headache; rare pulmonary/hepatic toxicity with long-term use

Ofloxacin

Brand: Tarivid (US/EU) / Oflin (IN) / Oflax (BD)

Subclass: Fluoroquinolone

PK: t½ 6 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 800 day

severe
AE: Tendinopathy, dysglycemia, CNS effects

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Brand: Zosyn (US/EU) / Pipzo (IN) / Piptaz (BD)

Subclass: Extended-spectrum penicillin + β-lactamase inhibitor

PK: t½ 1 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 18000 day

severe
AE: Diarrhea, rash, thrombocytopenia, electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia)

Pyrazinamide

Brand: PZA (global) / Zinamide (IN) / Pyrazide (BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (nicotinamide analog)

PK: t½ 9.5 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 2000 day

severe
AE: Hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia → gout flares, GI upset

Rifampicin

Brand: Rimactane (US/EU) / Rcin (IN/BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (Rifamycin)

PK: t½ 3 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 600 day

severe
AE: Hepatotoxicity, orange urine/tears/sweat, flu-like syndrome

Roxithromycin

Brand: Roxid (IN) / Roxim (BD)

Subclass: Macrolide

PK: t½ 12 hours | Clearance: hepatic
Max Dose: 300 day

moderate
AE: GI upset, mild QT prolongation

Streptomycin

Brand: Streptomycin (global) / Streptopen (IN) / Strepto (BD)

Subclass: Anti-TB (aminoglycoside)

PK: t½ 2.5 hours | Clearance: renal
Max Dose: 1000 day

severe
AE: Ototoxicity (vestibular > cochlear), nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade