Infectious Respiratory Diseases
Bronchitis
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, most commonly due to viral infection, but may also occur with bacterial infection, irritants, or chronic airway injury, presenting with cough ± sputum and airway irritation.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB)
Chronic infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis involving lung tissue, causing granulomatous inflammation and variable cavitation, with potential for transmission.
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Lung Abscess
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. It can be caused by aspiration, which may occur during altered consciousness and it usually causes a pus-filled cavity.
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Pneumonia
Acute infection of the lung parenchyma involving alveoli and interstitial tissue, leading to inflammation, consolidation, and impaired gas exchange.
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute infection of lung parenchyma acquired outside hospital or healthcare facilities
Characterized by alveolar inflammation and consolidation leading to impaired gas exchange
Clinically presents with fever, cough, dyspnea, and radiological infiltrates
Represents infection reaching alveoli beyond normal airway defense mechanisms
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Characterized by alveolar inflammation and consolidation leading to impaired gas exchange
Clinically presents with fever, cough, dyspnea, and radiological infiltrates
Represents infection reaching alveoli beyond normal airway defense mechanisms