Atovaquone–Proguanil
Brand: Malarone
Antimalarial
Mitochondrial ETC inhibitor + DHFR inhibitor
Chemistry
| Molecular Formula | Atovaquone: C22H19ClO3, Proguanil: C11H16ClN5 |
Structure
Pharmacokinetics
| Half-life | 48 hours |
| Clearance Route | hepatic |
| Active Metabolites | Cycloguanil (active metabolite of proguanil) |
| Notes | Half-life: Atovaquone 2–3 days; Proguanil 12–20 h. Must be taken with fatty food to improve absorption. |
⚠️ Safety & Warnings
Severity: Moderate
Adverse Effects:
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, elevated liver enzymes, mouth ulcers (due to proguanil). Rare: hallucinations.
Contraindications:
Severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min)
Precautions:
Take with fatty food to improve absorption; avoid in pregnancy unless no alternatives; monitor LFT in hepatic disease.